Mikhail Lunin
"Mikhail Sergeyevich Lunin [18 (29) .12.1787, St. Petersburg, - 3 (15) .12.1845, ACAT, now Borzinsky district of Chita region] Born into a noble family, was educated at home. From 1803 he served in the Cavalry Regiment. Participated in the battle of Austerlitz 1805, the Prussian expedition (1807), the Patriotic War of 1812 and the foreign campaign of the Russian Army 1813 14.Za battle of Borodino was awarded a gold sword with the inscription "For Bravery". In 1815, dismissed from service with the rank of rotmistra.V 1816-17 lived abroad in Paris, where he met Saint-Simon, moved to katolichestvo.V 1816 joined the Union of Salvation ", was a founding member of the Union of Welfare (1818) and a member of his Native Duma (council). A supporter of the republic, first made a draft of regicide. In the 2 nd half of 1820 with NM Muraviev traveled south to the PI Pestel for joint discussion of policy voprosov.Posle liquidation of the Union of Prosperity "- one of the founders and leaders of the Northern Society Decembrists. In early 1822 he returned to military service, Lieutenant Colonel of the Life Guards of the Grodno Hussars, Adjutant Grand Duke Konstantin Pavlovich in Varshave.Posle uprising at Senate Square on 14 December 1825 had been under surveillance in Warsaw, was arrested April 9, 1826. High Criminal Court sentenced on 2-th digit (Political death and eternal servitude, subsequently reduced to 10-year period). Sveaborg imprisoned in the castle (1826-27), Vyborg Castle (1827-28) servitude in Chita (1828-30) and Peter Plant (1830-36), in June 1836 came to settle in the village Urik (near Irkutsk). Here in 1836-40 wrote and partially extended (in manuscript) number of works by illegal literature: "Letters from Siberia", "Searching for History," "Looking for a secret society in Russia (1816-1826)", "Analysis of reports submitted by Last Russian Emperor Commission in 1826 (with NM Muravyev), "A Look at the Polish case", "social movement in Russia." defend Decembrists ideas Lunin at the same time struggling with the ideas of official nationality. March 27, 1841 Lunin arrested on the denunciation and imprisoned in Akatuyskuyu prison, where he died (Most likely been secretly killed) ".
Nicholas 1 and III Department
" The character of Nicholas was not a pleasant one. "... He was rude, cunning and cruel"
In 1826 he was created Department III.
The formation of the Division III it included three elements: special office of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, headed by von Fok, who was administered by the same Fock secret agents and gendarmes (Corps of Gendarmes, long time head count Benkendorf). After some time the country was divided 5 (then 8) gendarmerie districts headed by the Gendarmerie generals and staff officers of the gendarmerie, with the task of monitoring and surveillance over the activities of officials and the private lives of all inhabitants. To do this, create a wide network of informants, which in the opinion of Benckendorff treated postmaster, revealing письма, «злодеи, интриганы и люди недалёкие»( Свет и тень российской короны , Л. Мол гв, 1990 , стр 32), готовые доносить в полицию. Агенты проникали во все сферы жизни society and instilled fear and suspicion. Branch was a "state within a state." Over time, the function of this office, "outlaws and above the law "have grown and become extremely broad. So in 1828, a secret decree of the emperor ordered the Third Section to censor and to inform about the works, «способствовавших распространению безверия или о тех, в коих чувствовалось уклонение автора от обязанностей верноподданного».Так же в задачи отделения entered control over the press in conjunction with the use of hired writers and journalists for the press the government point of view. "
Branding
and the Supreme Court
"And you, the proud descendants of
Known meanness famous fathers,
heel slave scorned wreckage
play of happiness, hurt by birth!
you eagerly crowd standing at the throne,
Freedom, Genius, and executioners of Fame!
Taites you are under the shadow of a law,
For you and truth and justice - all quiet! ..
But there is a Court of God, evil manifold!
The terrible court: he is waiting;
He is not reached by a ring of gold,
thoughts and things he knows in advance.
Then you need not flee to the evil voice:
It does not help you again,
And you can not wash away all your bloody ... "
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